Bunion Deformities
Introduction
This is Patient Education Article – Bunion Deformities. It explains the basics of the pathology including signs, symptoms and basic treatment options.
Even though bunions are a common foot deformity, there are misconceptions about them. Many people may unnecessarily suffer the pain of bunions for years before seeking treatment.
What is a Bunion?
Bunions are often described as a bump on the side of the big toe. But a bunion is more than that. The visible bump reflects changes in the bony framework of the front part of the foot. With a bunion, the big toe leans toward the second toe, rather than pointing straight ahead. This throws the bones out of alignment, producing the bunion’s “bump.”
Bunions are a progressive disorder. They begin with a leaning of the big toe, gradually changing the angle of the bones over the years and slowly producing the characteristic bump, which continues to become increasingly prominent. Usually the symptoms of bunions appear at later stages, although some people never have symptoms.
What Causes a Bunion?
Bunions are most often caused by an inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot. It is not the bunion itself that is inherited, but certain foot types that make a person prone to developing a bunion.
Although wearing shoes that crowd the toes won’t necessarily cause bunions in the first place, it sometimes makes the deformity get progressively worse. That means you may experience symptoms sooner.
Symptoms
Symptoms occur most often when wearing shoes that crowd the toes—shoes with a tight toe box or high heels. This may explain why women are more likely to have symptoms than men. In addition, spending long periods of time on your feet can aggravate the symptoms of bunions.
Symptoms, which occur at the site of the bunion, may include:
- Pain or soreness
- Inflammation and redness
- A burning sensation
- Perhaps some numbness
Other conditions which may appear with bunions include calluses on the big toe, sores between the toes, ingrown toenail, and restricted motion of the toe.
Diagnosis
Bunions are readily apparent–you can see the prominence at the base of the big toe or side of the foot. However, to fully evaluate your condition, Dr. DeMill will take x-rays to determine the degree of the deformity and assess the changes that have occurred.
Because bunions are progressive, they don’t go away, and will usually get worse over time. But not all cases are alike–some bunions progress more rapidly than others. Once Dr. DeMill has evaluated your specific case, a treatment plan can be developed that is suited to your needs.
Treatment
Sometimes observation of the bunion is all that’s needed. A periodic office evaluation and x-ray examination can determine if your bunion deformity is advancing, thereby reducing your chance of irreversible damage to the joint. In many other cases, however, some type of treatment is needed.
Early treatments are aimed at easing the pain of bunions, but they won’t reverse the deformity itself. These options include:
- Changes in shoe wear. Wearing the right kind of shoes is very important. Choose shoes that have a wide toe box and do not use shoes that have pointed toes or high heels, which may aggravate the condition.
- Padding. Pads placed over the area of the bunion can help minimize pain.
- Activity modifications. Avoid activity that causes bunion pain, including standing for long periods of time.
- Medications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may help to relieve pain.
- Icing. Applying an ice pack several times a day helps reduce inflammation and pain.
- Orthotic devices. In some cases, custom orthotics or supportive inserts may be of benefit.
When is Surgery Needed?
When the pain of a bunion interferes with daily activities, it’s time to discuss surgical options. There are many different types of bunions and therefore many different types of surgery to fix them as well. You and Dr. DeMill will discuss the option and together you can decide if surgery is best for you.
Recent advances in surgical techniques have led to a very high success rate in treating bunions.
A variety of surgical procedures are performed to treat bunions. The procedures are designed to remove the “bump” of bone, correct the changes in the bony structure of the foot, as well as correct soft tissue changes that may also have occurred. The goal of these corrections is the elimination of pain. In selecting the procedure or combination of procedures for your specific case, Dr. DeMill will take into consideration the extent of your deformity based on the x-ray findings, your age, your activity level, and other factors. The length of the recovery period will vary, depending on the procedure or procedures performed.
Share!
Download Article as PDF
Foot & Ankle Exercise Program
Foot exercises are a great way to maintain healthy and happy feet! Click on the image above to download some simple exercises to help maintain flexibility, range of motion and strength in the feet.
Custom Orthotics
Custom Orthotics can help balance your foot and correct foot pain and problems without surgery.